Compostaje a escala de granja: Inactivación inferida ante algunos patógenos aviares
Resumen
Antecedentes: La avicultura global genera grandes volúmenes de residuos orgánicos, cuya gestión segura es crucial, especialmente ante brotes de enfermedades. El compostaje surge como una tecnología de economía circular para la valorización de la yacija, siendo la temperatura factor clave para la inactivación de patógenos. Objetivo. Estimar la efectividad del compostaje a escala de granja para inactivar algunos patógenos aviares, mediante la comparación de la termorresistencia reportada en la literatura con la cinética de temperatura observada en pilas de gran volumen. Materiales y Métodos: Se monitoreó la temperatura en dos pilas de compost (32 300m3 cada una) de yacija de cáscara de arroz de patos, durante las primeras 240 horas. La temperatura se midió en la base, nivel intermedio y cima. La inactivación se infirió para nueve patógenos (virus, bacterias, parásitos) contrastando la cinética térmica medida con los umbrales de termorresistencia reportados. El análisis de datos incluyó estadística descriptiva y Análisis Factorial de Datos Mixtos (AFDM). Resultados: La temperatura media en el nivel intermedio fue significativamente mayor (60-68°C) que en la base y cima (38-47°C). La temperatura media de las pilas superó los 50°C de manera sostenida durante las primeras 144 horas. El AFDM reveló un gradiente térmico espacial, asociando la posición intermedia con las temperaturas más altas y estables. Conclusiones: La cinética de temperatura en grandes pilas de compostaje permite inferir una inactivación consistente de los patógenos aviares. Los resultados evidencian la heterogeneidad espacial de la temperatura y sugieren momentos oportunos para el volteo, optimizando el proceso y la bioseguridad.
Palabras clave: inactivación, saneamiento, patógenos, valorización, yacija (Fuente: AGROVOC)
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Derechos de autor 2025 Magdiel Torres Villar, Yandy Abreu Jorge, Beatriz Delgado-Hernández, Damarys de las Nieves Montano Valle, Pastor Alfonso Zamora, Teresita de Jesús Quesada
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
